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Foundational Python library for n-dimensional arrays, vectorized math, linear algebra, random numbers and the array API used by the scientific stack
BSD-3-ClauseOpen sourceFreeLocalBroken Ppandas development team (NumFOCUS) · DataFrames & array computing
In-depth entry The standard Python DataFrame library for labeled tabular data, time series and I/O to CSV, Excel, SQL, Parquet and more
BSD-3-ClauseOpen sourceFreeLocalNov 2, 2026 PPolars (Ritchie Vink and contributors) · DataFrames & array computing
In-depth entry Rust-based DataFrame library with Python, Rust, Node and R bindings offering lazy query optimization, multithreading and Arrow-native memory
MITOpen sourceFreeLocalNov 2, 2026